Title Page

STUDENT’S ENGLISH-SANSKRIT DICTIONARY

BY VAMAN SHIVRAM APTE, M. A.,

Author of the “Practical” and “Student’s” Sanskrit-English Dictionaries, “Student’s Guide to Sanskrit Composition”, etc

LATE PRINCIPAL AND PROFESSOR OF SANSKRIT FERGUSSON COLLEGE

POONA

Indologiscries Seminal der Universität Bonn

MOTILAL BANARSIDASS

DELHI:: PATNA :: VARANASI

Publisher’s Preface to the Third Edition

In preparing this edition, extreme care has been taken to

make a thorough revision of the book, the main features of

which are:–

(a) Over a thousand new words frequently occurring in

the English literature but not given in the previous editions

have now been added with their appropriate Sanskrit

equivalents.

(b) In some cases, Sanskrit equivalents of words in senses

other than those given in the earlier editions have been supplied.

(c) Words similar in form but different in sense, and also

their derivatives were mixed up in the earlier editions to save

space. But as this was found to interfere greatly with clear-

ness and facility of reference they have now been separately

given in some cases to remedy the inconvenience.

(d) The feminine forms of adjectives ending in त्, न्, and

स् which are regularly formed by the simple addition of ई were

given in the previous editions in the case of the first three

letters, and then discontinued. They have now been deleted

throughout.

In making these changes, the original plan of the learned

author has been strictly followed.

These additions and alterations will be found to have con-

siderably added to the usefulness of the book, and it is hoped that

in its present form, it will be more helpful to the student world.

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

When I prepared “The Student’s Hand-Book of Progressive

Exercises,” Part II., I thought of adding to it a glossary of

difficult words and expressions in the Exercises. When this

was done, an idea occurred that the Glossary should be made

to include all words of ordinary occurrence, such as are given

in small School-Dictionaries. When the revision of the sheets

thus written out commenced, and when they were put to a

practical test, it was found that several words and expressions

had still been left out. I, then, resolved to prepare an English-

Sanskrit Dictionary as complete as possible, and the following

pages are the result. The Dictionary has thus passed through

different stages, and has assumed this form, far exceeding the

limits which I had first assigned to it.

Much need not, I think, be said with regard to the necessity

of a work like this. In these days of literary activity, when

the attention of students is drawn more and more to the study

of Sanskrit, it is necessary that all appliances should be ready

before them to facilitate this study. There are one or two

small Sanskrit-English Dictionaries, though not quite adequate

to meet the wants of advanced students of Sanskrit, but there

is no English-Sanskrit Dictionary such as will be within their

easy reach. The Dictionaries of this description that I know

of, are two in number:-one by Professor Monier Williams, and

another by Mr. Anundoram Borooah of Calcutta. Both these

Dictionaries, though valuable in themselves, are not accesible

to the student, the prices being prohibitively high. But there

are other considerations which make these works not quite

adapted to his wants. Professor Monier Williams’ Dictionary,

having been compiled nearly 35 years ago, chiefly by inverting

the then existing Sanskrit-English Dictionaries, is naturally

open to the fault of being often not practical. As he says in

the Preface to his Dictionary, he proceeded to translate

Webster’s Dictionary systematically into Sanskrit, omitting

words, phrases &c. of which no classical equivalent could be

found or suggested. The result has been that many of his

synonyms appear more as coined words than classical expres-

sions used by standard Sanskrit authors. With regard to words

collected in Lexicons, such as Amarakosha, Medini, Sabdakal-

padruma, there is no difficulty; but in the case of those words

and expressions which can only be suggested by a careful study

of the usage of the best authors, the work, in my humble opin-

ion, falls short of one’s expectations. Mr. Anundoram Borooah’s

work is eminently practical: it abounds with quotations from

several standard authors; the renderings are generally happy,

and the work has, at least, a classical appearance. The

fondness for giving quotations has induced the writer to give

several quotations for illustrating such words as गम, इति, तत्र, वद

&c., of the meanings of which there is no doubt nor is any

confirmation needed. But one great defect of his otherwise

very useful work is that it gives too few equivalents. He has

pursued the course of referring one word to another, but

this is, in some cases, carried to such an extent, that

when a word, as directed, is referred to another, that

again is referred to some other word of a synonymous

nature, which in its turn is referred to another till the

reader returns to the original word, apparently without

having his labours rewarded. A study of Mr. Borooah’s work

is a good treat for an advanced Sanskrit scholar, but will not,

I believe, satisfy the student. From considerations like these

I thought I should be doing some service to the Sanskrit read-

ing public, if I compiled an English-Sanskrit Dictionary

adapted to the wants of the student. The foregoing remarks

are made not with the view of detracting from the high and

acknowledged merits of the two works but solely to indicate

the line I have followed, and the object I have had in compil-

ing this work.

Some words are now necessary as to the plan and scope of

the Dictionary. When I resolved to make this Dictionary as

complete as possible, consistently with its aim of being useful

for the student, I took the latest edition of Webster’s Complete

Dictionary, and taking that as my basis, proceeded with the

work of compilation. As I advanced, I found that several

words, phrases and expressions and several senses of single

words, could not be adeqately represented in Sanskrit, so as to

appear like Sanskrit, either because the words &c. were purely

technical and referred to specific ideas in subjects, such as

Chemistry, Botany, Medicine, Psychology, Law, Engineering

&c., or were such as had no corresponding ideas in Sanskrit and

were peculiar to the English language. Words of this nature

are numerous in Webster’s Dictionary, and I have omitted

them, including also obsolete and rare words or senses of words.

Several words of obvious signification, such as those formed

by the prefixes’ ‘in,’ ‘mis,’ ‘pre,’ ‘un,’ are also omitted, as

they may be easily formed from their second member. But the

general terms of all sciences have been included, and of

technical terms such as could be duly represented by Sanskrit

equivalents actually existing in the language or by short,

wieldy new combinations of words have been inserted. Of

this description are words like Telegram, Democrat, Society,

Literature, Address (of a letter) and several other words which

have a peculiar sense in English and have to be translated by

inventing equivalents. English. like many other languages, has

so many expressions and idioms peculiar to itself, so many shades

and nice distinctions of meaning, and so many new formations

of words, progressing with the progress of the language, that it

would be impossible to embrace them all in an English-Sanskrit

Dictionary, even if it were the most comprehensive work, much

more so, in a work designed principally for students. Take the

words Line, Pass, Strong. Webster gives 21 senses under

‘Line,’ 13 under ‘Pass (v. i.)’ and 20 under ‘Strong.’ Some

of these are technica’ and some are not different senses as

such, but shades of meaning or particularities of use; most of

which may be translated by the words given for the general

sense, (see the words)’. I have not thought it desirable, like

Professor Monier Williams, to insert words the English

explanation of which has to be systematically translated, in

order to give some idea of their meaning. ‘Indian-rubber’ is

translated by अतिस्थितिस्थापकविशिष्टो भारतदेशीयवृक्षनिर्यासः; ‘Shuttle cock’

by लघुगुलिकाविशेषः यो विनोदार्थं दंडाहतो भूत्वा इतस्ततः प्रक्षिप्यतेः and many

others of this nature, which can be translated by विशेषः ‘a kind

of tree, flower, fruit’ &c. Such words may be retained by the

student in their English form, or their meaning may be

translated if he desire to have them in a Sanskrit garb. स्पंजः

‘Sponge,’ द्युकः ‘Duke,’ सावनं ‘Soap,’ लाटिनं ‘Latinity’ (as given

by Mr. Borooah) may, I think, be very safely omitted even in

a comprehensive Dictionary.

To turn now to the plan and arrangement of the work.

The most striking feature of the arrangement is that a

word in its different parts of speech, compound words

derived from it, derivatives formed from it either regularly,

by means of terminations (e. g. ed, ing, ly, ness &c.)

or irregularly, have been given together, the derivatives be-

ing arranged in order under the root or primitive word,

by means of small black dashes. The dashes are

intended to at once strike the eye and to direct it to the

word after it; and when the “directions to the student” are

remembered, there will, I believe, be no difficulty in referring

words to the Dictionary. The principle of the arrangement is

to give words according to the root-system; words regularly

derived will, of course, be referred in their proper places; but

words formed from the radical irregularly should also be refer-

red under that radical. ‘Abstemious’ should be referred under

‘Abstain,’ ‘Perception’ under ‘Perceive, ‘Death,’ ‘Dead,’

under ‘Die,’ ‘Strength’ &c., under ‘Strong,’ ‘Would,’ under

‘Will,’ and so on; where it is not likely for the student to

know where such words are given, reference is made to those

places; e. g. see Material, Sight. One of the greatest advant-

ages of the system has been practically, (whatever it may be

theoretically) to effect a very large saving of space. To give

the reader an idea of the vast saving effected by this system,

it may be stated that, if the words in their different parts of

speech and their compounds and derivatives were separately

given, as in Monier Williams’ Dictionary, they would cover

nearly 800 pages of this size, or 1, 000 of the size, style of print-

ing, &c. of Monier Williams’ Dictionary. Besides, by giving

the words ‘Dead’ ‘Death’ under ‘Die,’ a considerable

repetition of words is avoided. About 20 equivalents are given

for ‘Die,’ and only a few are given for ‘Dead’; the rest can be

formed in the same way from the roots immediately above; if it

were given in its usual place, all words would have to be given

or a reference made to ‘Die.’ My chief aim has been to give a

good deal of matter in a small space, and this object is, I

believe, considerably secured, as shown by the figures given

above; and I have thus been enabled to give this book to the

public at a cheap price.

The next point to be noticed is the number of equivalents

that are given for a word. I believe that in an English-

Sanskrit Dictionary, it is sufficient to give such words only as

are of very frequent occurrence in Sanskrit authors. It cannot

include all words in the language, and even if it could, it

would be of no great use, since many of the words would be

found to be very rarely used. The word ‘Gold’ has over 50

synonyms given for it in the different lexicons; ‘Sun’ has

nearly a hundred. But it will easily be seen that, excepting

some, the synonyms are either combinations of simple words,

or are descriptive epithets. Of this class are the words

वक्रपुच्छः, ललजिव्हः, रात्रिजागरः, for ‘Dog.’ Mr. Borooah in his

Dictionary has given only a few equivalents, in some instances,

only one, where there were 5 most commonly used; Prof.

Williams has very often given too many equivalents, grouping

together common and rare, synonyms proper and epithets. In

the former case the student will hardly have any room left for

choosing his word, while in the latter, he will be at a loss to

see which to choose. In giving equivalents in this Dictionary,

whether for Substantives, Adjectives, Adverbs or Verbs, I have

endeavoured to strike a middle course between these two

courses, and, have kept one principle steadily in view: to give

such words as are found frequently used in the works of

standard authors. The equivalents are arranged in the order

of their frequency of use; and the student, in his ordinary

prose composition, would do well to make his selection from

the first few equivalents enumerated. In the case of Verbs it

has not been possible to maintain this principle with perfect

accuracy in every case, but it is generally maintained. It is

only in a few cases of substantives that I have gone the length

of giving all words enumerated in the Amarakosha; and in the

case of names of material substances, names of plants and

trees that have been identified, and in a few others, all the

words given in the Amarakosha have been here incorporated,

care being taken to arrange them in the order of their useful-

ness. Similarly such Genders, Padas or Conjugations are

given as will be found generally used; I have very rarely given

all possible ones. It has not been thought necessary to give the

3rd person singular, Present tense, nor all possible derivatives

from simple words; they will have, if necessary, to be made up

according to the “Directions” afterwards given. In giving

equivalents for a word in its different senses, it has also not

been thought necessary to give the meanings in English, except

where it was necessary to note a particular sense. One word

in Sanskrit often represents several meanings in English, and

to render them into Sanskrit, the Sanskrit word has to be

repeated. This accounts for the repetition of some Sanskrit

words under different meanings.

In will be noticed that there are several sentences given to

illustrate the meanings of words, some of which are quotations

from standard authors, as will be readily seen from the

references given after them; but many of the phrases and

sentences that are translated, and are not supported by any

authority, are taken from the “Student’s Hand-Book of

Progressive Exercises,” Part II. I deemed it essential to illust-

rate, in some cases at least, the construction of the equivalents

given, wherever it was peculiar in Sanskrit; and I thought I

could do this better if I gave sentences from classical authors

instead of framing them myself. The quotations have become

quite necessary in those cases where equivalents have been

here suggested for the first time; I thought I should produce my

vouchers for a particular word that I suggested rather than

leave the reader in doubt as to its genuineness. In a few cases the

English or Sanskrit sentences are closely translated; in a few

others only such parts of the Sanskrit sentences are translated

as are sufficient to illustrate the word intended to be illustrat-

ed, while in several cases, Sanskrit sentences alone are given

which might be readily understood by the student. On a reference

to the names of works or authors drawn upon for quotations,

it will be found that the list is not very comprehensive; several

large and useful works have been left out, and works falling

in the range of classical literature excluded. But my principal

aim in giving quotations has been to supply the student with

good expressions from works within his easy reach so that he might

study, if necessary. the particular places referred to. Kalidasa’s

works and Bana’s Kadambari are more frequently drawn upon

than the Ramayana, the Mahabhharata, the Naishadha or the

Mahâvîracharita.

An attempt has been made to avoid as much unneccessary

repetition as was possible, without marring the usefulness of

the work. A Dictionary is necessarily a work of repetition;

several words have to be unavoidably repeated, howsoever un-

willing one might be to do so. I have thought it necessary to

make reference under some words to preceding or succeeding

parts of the Dictionary, chiefly with the view of avoiding

repetition; but in such cases a few equivalents are given, and

the student is told to follow out the reference, if he want to

know more about the word. Take, for instance, the words,

Beguile, Cheat, Deceive, Delude, Defraud, Impose upon, Take

in; or Blame, Censure, Reprove, Reproach, Scold, Reprimand,

Reprehend; or Path, Road, Way: these words, whatever be their

shades of meaning in English, are, when represented in

Sanskrit, almost synonymous, and may be conveniently

represented by the same words. If ten or fifteen equivalents

under one of these words, say, Cheat, Censure, or Way, are

given, it would be unnecessary to repeat all of them again

under the synonymous words. In all such cases, therefore,

references have been made to some general word under which

are given all the equivalents. In a few cases the reference has

been made, not for any equivalents, but for any expressions,

phrases, idioms &c. that may have been given under the

principal word. In no case will the student have to refer to

the Dictionary more than twice.

In a work which professes to deal with the phrases and

expressions of the English Language, the writer cannot afford

to disregard the several small useful proverbs, mottoes, or other

expressions which have become proverbial. I have, with this

view, inserted, under some principal word therein, such

proverbs &c., and have given exact or approximate equivalents,

wherever they existed in Sanskrit, and have in a few cases

given my own translation of them. Of this nature are proverbs

given under Bush, Handsome, Make, Oil, Race, Something,

Suffer, Touch &c.

With regard to the method of writing the Sanskrit equival-

ents, an objection might possibly be raised. Throughout the

work the usual practice of representing every anusvara in the

body of a word by its corresponding nasals has been rejected

and the anusvara sign is invariably used, where usually a

nasal would stand. I have not been able to understand the

principle on which scholars reject this system and betake

themselves solely to the other; though the anusvara system is

most convenient in printing, and occasionally saves much

misunderstanding. Besides, it is a practice generally followed

in our old Manuscripts, and is sanctioned by Panini as being

optional. For these reasons I have scrupulously followed it in

this Dictionary, but more especially because it is very conveni-

ent in printing. The rules of Sandhi, to make the words

clearly intelligible, are not in all cases strictly observed.

It now remains for me to do the grateful duty of acknow-

ledging my obligations to those that have assisted me in the

preparation of the Dictionary in one form or another.

Foremost among them stand the works of Mr. Borooah and

Prof. Williams, both of which I have most frequently consult-

ed. Monier Williams’ Dictionary, though inferior in several

respects to Mr. Borooah’s, has several happy renderings of

short words and expressions, especially where ideas, purely

English, have to be clothed in a Sanskrit garb, and I have freely

consulted his Dictionary for such renderings. I have also

frequently referred to the learned Professor’s valuable Sanskrit-

English Dictionary; for both of which my sincere thanks are

due to him. But my acknowledgments are chiefly due to Mr.

Borooah, from whose work I have derived much substantial

assistance, in the suggestion of equivalents for words or

phrases, more particularly from his numerous quotations, and

therein again, quotations from such works as were not

accessible to me, or being accessible, I had no time at my

disposal sufficient to go through them. I have also had to

keep constantly by my side, the useful Sanskrit Lexicon – the

Kosha of Amarasimha – made more useful by the edition

published by the Department of Public Instruction, Bombay.

In giving illustrative sentences from classical Authors, I have

used annotations or translations wherever they existed, and

have derived hints from them and have occasionally adopted

their translation. My thanks are due to all annotators, editors

or translators of such works. I have to thank sincerely Prof.

R. G. Bhandarkar, M. A. Deccan College, Poona, who kindly

proposed suitable equivalents for some difficult words and

phrases which were referred to him. I have also to thank my

friend, Mr. Ganesh Krishna Garde. L. M. & S., for having

supplied me with accurate equivalents for some knotty and

technical terms in Medicine, from books and sources which

I had no time to reach, and which even if I had time to reach

and use, I could not, unaided by him, turn to much practical

account. Lastly, my thanks are due to several kind and

obliging friends who assisted me either in collecting materials

for the Dictionary, or in carrying it through the Press.

In conclusion, I trust that the Dictionary will be useful

not only to those for whose use it is principally prepared, but

to the general public also who may wish to avail themselves

of appliances calculated to help the study of Sanskrit. It is

my belief that, except for the translation of passages from

purely technical subjects, such as Chemistry, Botany, Medicine,

Philosophy etc., this Dictionary will be useful to all readers of

Sanskrit for translating any passage dealing with ordinary

subjects. None is more conscious than myself of the defects

of the book, and of the mistakes or inaccuracies that might

have crept into it, in spite of my vigilance; and when a second

edition is prepared, I shall endeavour, to the best of my ability,

to make the Dictionary complete in itself. I shall be very

happy to receive any suggestions that readers may have to

make and shall be but too willing to adopt them, if I find them

useful. With these prefatory remarks I leave the work to the

indulgent judgment of the public.

Poona,

June 11th, 1884.

V. S. A.

PUBLISHER’S PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

The Publisher had hoped that the learned author would

write a preface to this Edition; but unfortunately it was not to

be. He was snatched away suddenly from amongst us by the

cruel hand of death to the sincere regret of all lovers of Sanskrit

learning. Therefore the present edition has had to suffer

along with other works of his, the want of his finishing touch.

However it is in some respects a consolation to think that Mr.

Apte found time before his death to go carefully through the

first Edition and to make the necessary corrections in it in the

light of his riper studies.

DIRECTIONS TO THE STUDENT

(TO BE STUDIED BEFORE USING THE DICTIONARY.)

1. Words and their derivatives are arranged in the follow-

ing order: first the radical or primitive word, in all its different

parts of speech; then compound words, arranged in alphabetical

order; (in the case of verbs, such words as Break off, Turn out,

are given as -off, -out); and then the derivatives which are

always distinguished by a black dash; those formed regularly

being given first, and the irregular ones, written fully, after

them (see Ambition, Humble, Young.)

Note. – This order is not regularly observed in the first

three letters, compound words and derivatives being, in a few

cases, both distinguished by black dashes.

2. In giving the terminations by which derivatives are

formed, the changes which the final and initial letters undergo,

e. g. the dropping, doubling or assimilation of letters are as-

sumed; the terminations being always given in their original

form; see Cut, Hurry, Mature.

3. (a) A small black dash (-) marks the commencement

of a new derivative. (b) A word preceded by a large black

dash (-) indicates that the derivatives given after it, are from

that word and not from the radical or primitive word; see Die,

Dead. (c) A hyphen used in the middle of Sanskrit words

indicates that each of the members separated by the hyphen is

to be repeated with the word after it; or that the word after

the hyphen is to be taken as an alternative for the word im-

mediately before it (to be, in some cases, decided by the context),

e. g. in HAVE, l. 9, यथाकामं-स्वरुच्या-वृत् means यथाकामं वृत्, स्वरुच्या वृत्; in

PRACTICE, l. 3, नित्यवृत्तिः-चर्या अनुष्ठानं means नित्यवृत्तिः, नित्यचर्या, नित्यानुष्ठानं।

(d) A hyphen followed by a comma (-,) indicates that the

word after it may stand by itself or may be joined with the

word before it; e. g. in PLACE l. 1, प्र-, देशः means the word is either

देशः or प्रदेशः; (e) A comma followed by a hyphen (,-) indicates

that the word after it may be compounded with the word

preceding it; e. g. in STAGE l. 1, रंगः-, शाला means the word is either

रंगः, or रंगशाला। (f) º denotes that the word immediately before it

which is separated by a comma, may be compounded with the

words which it connects; e. g. PREVENT, l. 1 वृ c.. नि-विनि°, means

the root is also निवृ c. and विनिवृ c.

4. In the case of substantives, the nominative case, wherever

it could at once indicate the gender, has been given; the visarga

thus indicates masculine gender, and anusvára neuter gender.

Where the nominative is not indicative of the gender, it is

given as m., f., n., as the case may be. All substantives ending

in consonants have their genders specified as m., f., or n.

5. In the case of adjectives, the simple base only is given.

The feminine of the majority of adjectives in अ ends in आ, and

adjectives ending in इ, उ have generally the same base for all

genders. In all such cases the simple base is given, the genders

being formed regularly according to similar substantive bases.

Irregular feminines are denoted in brackets. (f.) Bases ending

in त्, न्, स्, form their feminine regularly in ती, नी, सी,

6. (a) In the case of verbs, the Arabic figure denotes the

conjugation to which the root belongs; P denoting Parasmaipada,

A Atmanepada, and U Ubhayapada (P & A.) Roots of the tenth

conjugation belong to both Padas, theoretically at least; and

hence 10 is used for all roots of this conjugation, though the

Parasmaipada, unless where otherwise specified, should be

generally preferred for use. (b) c. denotes causal, and is form-

ed from roots by making the same changes as in the

10th conjugation. Wherever it cannot be formed by this

general rule, it is shown in brackets. (e) D. means Denomina-

tives; here the 3rd pers. singular Present tense is given

throughout.

7. All the derivatives from a word are not always given

when they may be easily supplied; more especially, in the case

of potential passive participles, formed by तव्य, य, अनीय, past

participles, present participles, verbal nouns, abstract nouns

from adjectives, and adverbs from adjectives. Where there

was any peculiarity in the formation of these derivatives,

they are given; but in many cases the student will have to

supply the forms, according to rules given in grammars.

ABBREVIATIONS Of Grammatical Terms &c.

A	Atmanepada.
a.	Adjective.
abl.	Ablative.
acc	Accusative.
adv.	Adverb.
Arith.	Arithmetic.
Bah.	Bahuvrihi.
c.	Causal.
circum.	Circumlocution.
comp.	Compound.
conj.	Conjunction.
D.	Denominative.
dat.	Dative.
deriv.	Derivative.
desid.	Desiderative.
ex.	Expressed.
f.	Feminine.
fig.	Figurative.
freq.	Erequentative.
gen.	Genitive, Generally (when followed by ex.)
gen. abs.	Genitive absolute.
ind.	Indeclinable.
inf.	Infinitive.
instr.	Instrumental.
interj.	Interjection.
lit.	Literal, literally
loc.	Locative.
loc. abs.	Locative absolute.
m.	Masculine.
Math.	Mathematics.
n.	Neuter.
nom.	Nominative.
P.	Parasmaipada.
Part.	Participle.
pass.	Passive.
pot.	Potential.
pot. pass.	Potential passive participle.
pl.	Plural.
pr.	Prefixed
prep.	Preposition.
pron.	Pronoun.
pron. a.	Pronominal adjective.
q. v.	Quod vide, which see.
s.	Substantive.
sim. comp.	Similar compound.
Tat.	Tatpurusha.
U.	Ubhayapada (Parasmaipada and Atmanepada).
v.	Verb (transitive and intransitive).
v. i.	Verb intransitive.
voc.	Vocative.
v. t.	Verb transitive.

Abbreviations of the Names of Works

N. B. – where a Roman figure is followed by an Arabic figure, the former

refers to the canto or chapter, and the latter, to the number of the veṛse;

Arabic figures in the case of dramas &c. refer to the act or page.

Bh.	Bhartrihari, II denoting Nitishataka and III Vairagyashataka. (Bombay Edition.)
D. K.	Dashakumaracharita, I denoting the Purvapithika, and II the Uttarapithika, and the Arabic figure,| the number of the story.
H.	Hitopadesha, the Arabic figures denoting the four parts in their order.
K.	Kumarasambhava.
Ka.	Kadambari (Bombay Edition)
Kav.	Kavyadarsha.
Ki.	Kiratarjuniyam.
Li.	Lilavati.
M.	Malavikagnimitra (Bombay Edition.)
Mal.	Malatimadhava (Bombay edition)
Mah.	Mahabharata.
Me.	Meghaduta (Calcutta Edition.)
Mn.	Mallinath.
Mr.	Mrichchhakatika.
Mu.	Mudrarakshasa.
N.	Naishadha.
P.	Panchatantra, the Roman figure denoting the number of the Tantra and the Arabic, the number of the story (Bombay Edition.)
R.	Raghuvamsha.
Rat.	Ratnavali.
S.	Shakuntala.
S. B.	Shankar Bhashya.
Si.	Sisupalavadha.
S. K.	Siddhanta Kaumudi.
S. R.	Subhashitaratna-bhandagaram.
U.	Uttararamacharita
V.	Vikramorvashiyam
V. M.	Vyavahara Mayukha (Mr. Mandlik's edition.)
Ve.	Venisamhara.
Vi.	Viracharita.
Y.	Yajnavalkya.